President Donald Trump has formally approved a landmark civilian nuclear agreement with Saudi Arabia that could allow the kingdom to enrich uranium on its own soil, according to multiple U.S. and international reports. The 30-year deal, reportedly worth tens of billions of dollars, now heads to Congress for review before it can be signed and implemented.
What the Deal Includes
The agreement—known as a “123 Agreement” under U.S. nuclear law—would enable American companies to play a leading role in building Saudi Arabia’s civilian nuclear infrastructure. A key provision allows for the construction of a uranium enrichment facility inside Saudi territory if a joint U.S.–Saudi technical study concludes such a facility is necessary for the kingdom’s nuclear energy programme.
Under the terms outlined in reports, the pact would remain in force for three decades and would largely exclude competing foreign suppliers, giving U.S. firms a dominant position in the project.
Why It Matters
Allowing uranium enrichment in Saudi Arabia marks a significant shift in U.S. non-proliferation policy. Past administrations insisted on strict controls to prevent enriched fuel from being diverted for weapons use. Critics argue the new deal loosens those safeguards, potentially opening a pathway for Saudi Arabia to develop nuclear weapons capability.
Supporters, however, say integrating American industry into Saudi Arabia’s nuclear programme will enhance safety and ensure robust oversight—even without the strongest non-proliferation measures.
Timeline and Next Steps
- Late last week: President Trump gave final approval to the agreement, according to U.S. officials.
- Wednesday, July 22, 2026: Energy ministers from both countries are expected to sign the deal, followed by a formal public announcement.
- Next 90 days: Congress will review the agreement. Unless both the Senate and House pass resolutions opposing it within this window, the deal will go into effect.
Regional and Global Implications
The move comes amid heightened tensions in the Middle East and growing competition over nuclear technology. If implemented, the deal could reshape regional power dynamics and spur other countries to pursue similar arrangements.
Arms control groups have voiced concern, warning that reduced safeguards could undermine global non-proliferation efforts. Yet the Trump administration maintains that the agreement serves U.S. strategic and economic interests while advancing civilian nuclear energy in a key ally.
As the deal moves to Congress, expect intense debate over national security, non-proliferation, and the future of U.S.–Saudi relations. The outcome could set a precedent for how Washington balances strategic partnerships with nuclear safety in an increasingly complex global landscape.
